Wi-Fi vs. mobile networks, which is better?
Always-on access, mobility, scalability, and reliability of either network for a given purpose are what determine what one should go for.
Wi-Fi and mobile networks are purpose-built for different roles, so while it is tempting to choose one over the other, most people fare better when they have both at hand.
However, mobile networks are considerably more essential because they enable connectivity beyond fixed locations and unmanaged environments.
Let’s examine the strengths of Wi-Fi and mobile networks across different contexts, including mobility, reliability, and security.
Different Technologies, Different Strengths
The two technologies, though focused on facilitating connectivity, have distinct design goals. The distinction between mobile and Wi-Fi networks is emphasized by their signals over a given range.
Wi-Fi typically operates on local area networks (LANs). Localized service provision means that they get to offer high-speed internet over a short range (30-100m), such as a section of a mall, homes, and cafes.
Mobile networks, on the other hand, run on wide area networks (WAN), offering connectivity over large distances, typically across the state or country.
Due to high user traffic, mobile networks are relatively not as strong as Wi-Fi connections. That is, provided the Wi-Fi network is in close range.
Mobility: Connectivity Beyond Fixed Locations
Wi-Fi routers are typically stationary, and as users move further away from them, the signals become weaker. Essentially, stepping out of your home, the mall, or a café means immediate disconnection from the given Wi-Fi network.
However, with a quick online top-up for mobile and data plans from major mobile carriers, you can travel long distances with consistent mobile internet.
Fundamentally, cellular networks allow you instant access to the internet where WiFi is not available.
Reliability and Resilience
Cell towers are considered critical infrastructure for development. Therefore, a lot of resources go into making them reliable and resilient in emergency and disaster scenarios. They typically have a dedicated backup power source for grid outages, so even if the power is out, you’d most likely still get some cell service.
Even if a cell tower fails, your phone can automatically switch to the next closest tower for service.
The same cannot be said for Wi-Fi services. In most cases, power cuts, a faulty router, and cut or vandalized fiber cables mean immediate Wi-Fi disconnection.
Hence, cellular network services are generally more reliable.
Security, Authentication, and Trust
The security and authentication mechanisms for mobile networks are built into mobile phones, complemented by additional encryption keys built into SIM cards. These mechanisms make it significantly harder for attackers to manipulate cellular connections, and no one can access information on your device simply because they share the same mobile network with you.
Things get a little different with Wi-Fi networks.
For starters, security and authentication processes for public Wi-Fi connections are often just as good as the technical knowledge of the person setting up the network. Even when done right, users are still at risk of man-in-the-middle attacks and malicious hotspots.
Attackers can also set up “evil twin” open Wi-Fi connections that share the same name as trusted Wi-Fi networks, with the goal of stealing the data of connected users.
Side by side, mobile networks have significantly higher security, authentication, and trust mechanisms than Wi-Fis.
Supporting the Next Wave of Connected Devices
Mobile networks continue to be the primary source of connectivity for devices worldwide. Similarly, providers are continuously refining services to improve the overall performance of mobile networks.
Innovations around 5G connectivity, for instance, send clear signals that cellular networks are being designed to ensure optimum performance where it matters most:
- URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications to help users stay connected with negligible lag.
- eMBB: Enhanced mobile broadband technology designed to automatically optimize speed, mobility, and capacity for heavy users.
- mMTC: Massive Machine-Type communications to allow for smoother connections across a vast array of devices (up to 1 million/km2).
These developments further bolster the dominance of mobile networks not just in the smartphone segment, but also for devices and machines in healthcare, agriculture, and factory floors.
Conclusion: Complementary Pillars of Wireless Connectivity
Ultimately, it is important to recognize and acknowledge that mobile and Wi-Fi networks have distinct design goals.
Home Wi-Fi is great for keeping everything connected all at once, including smart televisions, refrigerators, and thermostats, as well as multiple computers and smartphones.
However, once out of home Wi-Fi range, you’re better off with a mobile data connection, as they are generally more reliable, trusted, and secure to use in public and in emergencies.
Taking everything into account, you’d find balance in a mixed use of both mobile and home Wi-Fi networks.